The Thinking Dilemma

Human beings engage in two distinct types of thinking: 1^st order thinking and 2^nd order thinking. First-order thinking is spontaneous and reactive, driven by strong emotions and often shaped by biases and prejudices. It is quick and fast everyday thinking, like choosing a dress for the day.  In contrast, second-order thinking is more deliberate, guided by logic, critical evaluation, and analysis. Our belief systems and value systems influence both these types of thinking but in different ways. Choosing the type of thinking you want to engage in, is the thinking dilemma.

First-order thinking

The thinking that allows us to follow rituals and traditions or interpret the world through conditioned minds and religious beliefs, ignoring reason and scientific evidence is an example of first-order thinking. It is surprising how easily we dismiss scientific findings in favour of unverified beliefs.

Humans tend to impose these unverified, unscientific beliefs on others.

How often do we find ourselves drawn to others not simply because we share the same species, but because we hold similar beliefs? While language can bring people together, shared religious beliefs create an even stronger bond. For instance, meeting a fellow citizen in a foreign land may bring joy through a common language, but discovering shared religious beliefs can deepen that connection even more. These religious views can significantly impact relationships among family members as well.

In cultures with arranged marriages, for example, parents often prioritize aligning belief systems over values, etiquette, or behavioural compatibility. This reflects mistaken priorities, placing beliefs above essential qualities like values, etiquette, and skills.

It is also common to see hatred arise when discussing other groups’ rituals and traditions, leading to sneering and dismissive attitudes.

Decisions and impressions formed out of hatred are dangerous, and the words and actions that follow can be harmful.

A valid debate

A common point of contention between believers and non-believers is the debate over Evolution versus Creation. Darwin’s theory of evolution, while often misunderstood, at least provides a scientific framework. Contrary to popular misconception, the theory does not claim that humans evolved from apes. On the other hand, what scientific basis is there for the idea of Creation? Do we have any evidence? First-order thinking among believers often dictates that we should not question God.

However, without questions, there is no critical thinking. When we start questioning, we delve into the world of second-order thinking.

Today’s wars are often fuelled by rigid religious beliefs, with people taking sides based on these convictions. But how accurate are these beliefs? Is it truly worth fighting over differences in unverified ideologies?

Social media is inundated with messages either supporting, mocking, or opposing religious views, which only serve to spread hatred and anger. Even professional social network sites are not spared.

Groups are created only to promote these beliefs, accepting and appreciating only those who align with their views. Those who disagree are not just ignored but can even face exclusion. WhatsApp and Facebook groups provide good examples of this dynamic.

Conclusion

Religion and spiritual beliefs are personal matters, and there is no need to use multilevel marketing techniques to persuade others to adopt or share them. Only decisions and actions based on critical thinking will benefit our society. To build a better world, people must engage more in second-order thinking, blended with positive values and critical thinking.

What type of thinking do you like to engage in, 1^st order or 2^nd order?

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